Production Strategies Adopted by Toyota

Production Strategies Adopted by Toyota Constantly since the company was founded in 1937, The TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION and their supplementary (TOYOTA), have incessantly strived to contribute to the sustainable expansion of society and the earth through the developed and provision of high-quality and innovative products and services. Through these continuous efforts, they have established a corporate philosophy that has been passed down from creation to generation throughout the company and which has come to be known as the Guiding Principles at Toyota (originally issued in 1992, revised in 1997; the Guiding Principles. they have also put TOYOTAs standards and methods in written form, in the Toyota Way (issued in 2001). Such values and methods must be shared globally among us to realize the Guiding Principles and they are seeking to pass these on to future generations. Through these efforts and by Passing down business viewpoint and values and methods, they are steadfastly striving to understand the creation of a prosperou s society by making things. TOYOTA has long-demonstrated its dedication to contributing to sustainable development. As their business operations have become increasingly global, they need to reconfirm their corporate philosophy and have issued an explanatory paper in January 2005 unconstrained Contribution towards Sustainable Development. This paper interprets the Guiding Principles from the stand point of how TOYOTA can work toward sustainable development in its interactions with its stakeholders. They believe that by implementing the Guiding Principles in maneuver, TOYOTA will successfully fulfill its expected contribution towards sustainable development. Therefore, as stated in the Guiding Principles and descriptive paper, we must meet the terms with local, national and worldwide laws and system, counting the strength thereof, and act with humbleness, honesty and truthfulness. compare to when the Code of Conduct for Toyota Employees was first issued in 1998, TOYOTAs existence in civilization has to a great e xtent augmented and also new laws and policy have been recognized, such as for the defense of individual data. With this surroundings in intellect, we have revised the existing code of conduct and shaped the Toyota Code of Conduct in order to communicate the elementary approach necessary to motivate sustained confidence in TOYOTA, to respect and comply with the laws, and to maintain our honesty and integrity. I would mainly like to ask each one of you, as a person working for TOYOTA, to be aware that you are a necessary donor to the success of TOYOTA. In this period of global opposition, borderless trade, and diversification, TOYOTA wishes to conduct business in an open and flaxen means. TOYOTA aims to become the most appreciated, esteemed and trusted company in the world by its customers and society. Accomplishing this goal requires that each one of us is aware of TOYOTAs respected reputation and standing in the community, the gratefulness their owe to customers and society, and th e necessary respect of laws and regulations. Therefore, they must each act in a unwavering, sure-footed, and thorough way, and in agreement with common sense and good judgment. I imagine and ask you to carefully read this Toyota Code of Conduct and to implement the spirit within March.. After the Second World battle, the allocation of World economic authority was wholly rearranged. Prior to the battle, Europe and the USA lined the world marketplace. The administration of Western companies was based on the Scientific Management by Frederick Winslow. This intellectual basis characterizes the begin of industrialization, lead to mass production and to fabulous output increases. Yet subsequent to the war, new company appeared on the playground, whose work was based on a viewpoint, on methods and rules unknown before. At the same time as Western managers bowed to short-term thoughts to satisfy shareholders and to everlasting reform, the new actors intense on frequent development in the quality of products, consistency of processes and qualification of employees. Toyota is one of these new companies, which regardless of the ferocious opposition due to overload production capacity in the automobile industry of around 25 % outperforms Western opposition in every aspect, in t echnological innovation, in customer satisfaction, in continuous growth and in profit. In 2004 Toyota passed Ford to become the second major automobile manufacturer. prior to long, Toyota will overtake General Motors flattering the largest car company in the world most likely having no less than 15% of the world marketplace. Toyota will achieve continuous success in the automobile industry in the light of their innovations. FOUNDER OF TOYOTA In a nutshell the companys objective is to have: Action Commitment Teamwork for becoming #1 in the world Explanation of the Project The core concept of the project is to understand the benefits of controlling the waste material, the strategy introduced by Toyota which is Toyota production system and the benefits of TPS. How much this crucial innovation helped in achieving customer satisfaction around the world? TPS explain how it became the leading automobile manufacturers by following its strategy. Thus this research project covers all the aspects of TPS and provides the best outcome. CHAPTER Literature review The Toyota Way Author: Jeffery K. Liker The Toyota concept: In the 1980s, Toyota started making its mark, on the world highway, as a sturdy car that lasted long and required less of maintenance than American cars. Today, the Company is the worlds most profitable car manufacturer, consistently producing high-quality cars using fewer man-hours and less on hand inventories. To this day, Toyota continues to raise the bar in manufacturing, production development and process excellence. TPS and Lean Production: The Toyota Way explains the management principle and business philosophy behind Toyotas success. It narrates Toyotas approach to Lean Production (known as the Toyota Production System TPS, which it invented in the 1940s and 50s) and the 14 principles that drive Toyota towards quality and excellence. The book also explains how one can adopt the same principles to improve ones business processes, while cutting down on operations and production costs. Toyota invented Lean Production in the 1940s and 50s. The Company focused on eliminating wasted time and material from every step of the production process (from raw materials to finished goods). The result was a fast and flexible process that gives the customers what they want, when they want it, of the highest quality and at most affordable cost. Toyota improved production by eliminating wasted time and resources, building quality into workplace systems, finding low-cost and yet reliable alternatives to expensive new technology, perfecting business processes and building a learning culture for continuous improvement. How Toyota Became the Worlds Best Manufacturer: After World War II. While Ford and GM used mass production and economies of scale, Toyota faced very different business conditions. Toyotas market was very small but it had to produce a variety of vehicles on the same assembly line to satisfy customers. The solution: making the operations flexible. This resulted in the birth of TPS. TPS borrowed some of its ideas from the United States. The core idea of the Just in Time (JIT) system came from the concept of the pull-system, which was inspired by the American supermarkets. In the pull system, individual items are replenished as each item begins to run low on the shelf. Applied to Toyota, it means that the first step in the process is not completed until the second step uses the materials or supplies from Step 1. At Toyota, every step of the manufacturing process uses Kanban to signal to the previous step when its part needs to be replenished. The Company was also inspired by W. Edwards Deming, who, aside from broadly defining customers to include internal and external clients, also encouraged Toyota to adopt a systematic approach to problem solving, which became a cornerstone for continuous improvement (known as Kaizen). Eliminating Waste: The purpose of TPS is to minimize time spent on non-value adding activities by positioning the materials and tools as close as possible to the point of assembly. The major types of non-value adding waste in business or production process are overproduction, waiting or time on hand, unnecessary transport or conveyance, over processing or incorrect processing, excess inventory, unnecessary movement, defects and unused employee creativity. One of the keys to success of Toyota is that it lives by the philosophy of self-reliance and a let us do it ourselves attitude. This can be best illustrated when it ventured into the luxury car industry. It did not buy a company that already made luxury cars. Rather, it created its own luxury division the Lexus from scratch, in order to learn and understand the essence of a luxury car. CHAPTER Aims Of The Study 1. Aim of the study: Toyota strategies in controlling the wastage of Material Toyota Production System (TPS) Primary, of course, it trained the recent car manufacturing how to make cars appropriately. Only some had heard of the Toyota Production System (TPS) until three academics in the car industry study planned run by (MIT). It described the philosophy and practices at the back the just-in-time mechanized system urbanized at Toyota by Taiichi Ohno. He in revolve had haggard motivation from W. Edwards Deming, an powerful statistician and quality-control specialist who had played a big part in mounting the rapid-manufacturing processes used internationally during the Second World battle. At the heart of TPS is removal of waste and absolute attentiveness on reliable high quality by a process of nonstop enhancement. The memorable just-in time aspect of bringing parts jointly just as they are required on the procession is only the clearest materialization of the persistent drive to remove sludge waste) from the industrialized process. ILLUSTRATION OF DIAGRAME: Toyota production system TPS is the combination is the combination of just in time inventory (JIT) and Jidoka In the above diagram exemplify the continuous flow work because the supplier are available to provide the inventory and without any shortage work is complete on time and all works starts same time and end up at same time. On the contrary the Jidoka systems of inventory stops and notify the abnormalities, work is done in separate settings manual work and automatic work finished separately without depending each other. Justification of Aim: Just-In-Time (Jit) Just in time production system eliminate the wastage of inventory because there is no warehouses cost would incur whenever the inventories are required the suppliers fulfill the demand and in the case of Toyota develop strong line with the supplier, if any supplier not able to provide the inventory on time the other supplier provides immediately Through just in time inventory system the product not suffers due to the shortage of material and availability issue completely resolved. Just in time inventory (JIT) system is one of the tremendous innovations of Japanese automobile industry initially introduced by Toyota and now implemented in all automobile manufacturing concerns. Toyota production system TPS is now working efficiently by adopting the just in time inventory system and it overcome the issue of overproduction and assist in making instant decisions. 2. Aim Of The Study: Efficiency Effectiveness of Production Process. A wide number of principles and practices can be employed to achieve the efficiency and effectiveness of production process. As management once noted, people instinctively know to eliminate waste once it is identified as such, so the task of reducing waste often centers first around identifying unnecessary uses of human, capital, or physical resources. After waste is targeted, new processes or practices can be devised to deal with it. Justification of Aim Process Enhancement One of the crucial aspects of controlling the wastage and enhancing the production efficiency through this amazing system introduced by Toyota which is Toyota production system TPS, this process saves time and cost and increase the ratio of profit. Earlier the production is languish in the warehouses and operating cycle duration increasing and all the cost incur due to the longer operating cycle time. another problem that worker spent their time and efforts on arranging the material which is directly related to the production of the product and all the system depend to each other and push strategy being used. However Toyota eliminates the traditional process and come up with the latest innovation which is TPS. Worth Added Toyota production system TPS, one of the vital technique launching by Japanese manufacturing concern which differentiate the action and put the added worth in the product and these additional features that makes product prominent not incur any cost which is base on the idea which comes in mind . the main focus of any manufacturing concern is to minimize the cost and to maximize the level of profit but its just like a word but Toyota converts these words into reality by providing value added services in the form of Toyota production system, extra cost cuts, inspecting cost, warehouses cost, outsourcing cost, opportunity cost and time delays issue completely resolved and by incurring the lower cost achieve the best quality which fulfill the market demand. Excellence By Design Another aspect of capturing the market Japanese manufacturing concern is a striking concentration to the design of the product that will attract to the customer through its Toyota production system and develops incomparable products in the market that makes difference to all other automobile manufacturing concern and provide 100% satisfaction to the customer which is the true evidence of Toyota success in the form of large market share of Toyota in all over the world. Toyota production system improves the production process and brings the positive results that helps to resolve current problem which Toyota is facing and for planning the safest future strategies and for best outcome. Order-Based Production Order base production system is one of the crucial strategy adopted by Toyota the concept behind the order base production system is to eliminate the cost of overproduction and also the cost of warehouses in which the product are standstill for selling. The order base system makes the order on the behalf of market need and demand rather than production capacity this process saves the maintenance cost of machinery eliminate the extra expenses some of which are directly or indirectly related to the manufacturing of the product and also one imperative aspect is to save a lot of time and order base production process provide brand new product to the customer and this process also a best tool to monitor the inflation cost which depends upon the whole economy scenario. Order base production system assist in setting the prices and eliminating the wastage of materiel. CHAPTER METHODOLOGY Qualitative Quantitative sources of data. Primary Source Of data Data collection is the step which needs much more concentration of the researcher because if this step is good enough then the research will be effective and efficient. I have used the source Interview and general observations as my instruments for primary data collection. We shall also refer to books, magazines and internet to make our research more comprehensive. Additionally a quantitative analysis also done through generating hypothesis and implementing a Z-test method. b) Interviews I have conducted interviews from the other managers and HR manager to acquire the accurate information. I have conducted structured interviews for collecting information. SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA The already existing data has about the banking sector had been collected from the following secondary sources: Web site of the company I collected the information about the history, mission, and vision statements from the website of the company. I used internet to collect more information that comes in secondary source of data. Following are the other sources that also helped me to better understand the procedures and methods being used in Toyota automobile manufacturing concern. Books Case Studies RESEARCH DESIGN Research design is a step by step process. It provides the basis for testimony. The need of the research itself determines the methodology and the design of the research. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this research report is to explore the Production strategies adopted by Toyota to minimize wastage of material. A lot of research work has been done on the production process of Toyota, but a little research work is done on Production strategies adopted by Toyota to minimize wastage of material, so this shows that this is an exploratory research work. TYPES OF INVESTIGATION: Our type of investigation is correlation because we find the important variables or factors that contribute their part in providing an edge to Toyota production system TPS EXTENT OF RESEARCHER INTERFERENCE To conduct this research our interference in the environment was minimal. .STUDY SETTING: The study setting in our research is non contrived (natural) because we have not created any artificial environment for our research. This reason for keeping non contrived study setting is because we took a number of interviews, and research is being conducted in the natural environment of the Toyota. UNIT OF ANALYSIS: In our research unit of analysis is group because in this research, we conduct interview to the Hr. Managers and employees and from some loyal people of Toyota. We collect the data from this specific group who use Toyota. TIME HORIZON: Cross sectional studies are those in which the data are collected just once over a period of days, in order to answer a research questions. Same is the case with our research because we collected the data in one shot and not again. Ethical Consideration TOYOTA will fulfill with related laws and business procedures, interior business policies and rules. Toyota always focus to the social norms and values that makes history and heritage of Toyota and strictly govern all the business policies and take timely action to the any violence of the rule. Toyota not compromise to the quality and commitment which are its core principles. Toyota adopt the strategy to make the customer forever not for once and for that Toyota never motivate to an illegal way but it offers the tremendous services that catches the heart of customers. The Toyota Company strictly banned to making any unethical advertisement that will defame the market of the Toyota motors in the eye of the customer and also beyond to its code of conduct. Toyota company also not compromise with the safety of its product which it offer in the number of ways and Toyota will also educate people to create awareness of new innovation and for betterment of the customer , employees and for the sake of company ultimate growth and prosperity. CHAPTER 5 Results RESULTS Null Hypothesis In generating hypothesis we assumed that our population is normally distributed. We use Z-Score method to test our hypothesis. By studying the literature review which contains the different researches and studies conducted in different universities, on the basis of these studies we are assuming that 65% of employees said that Toyota Production system TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. We are also assuming the same percentage for the employee of Toyota Company who said that TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. So our null hypothesis is: H0: P = 65% or 0.65 Alternate Hypothesis Now our assumed percentage of the employee of Toyota Company who said that TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material could be greater or lesser than 65% and we can show it by alternate hypothesis which is: H1: P à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   65% or 0.65 Level of Significance We assumed the level of significance ÃŽÂ ± = 0.05 Critical Region Since it is a two tail test so ÃŽÂ ±/2 = 0.025 On the basis of the level of significance the critical region is: -1.96 Computations Analysis of our interviews, which had a random sample size of 120, show that 50% of the employees said that Toyota Production system TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. Now by using the Approximation formula Z = (x n P0) / à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ (n P0 q0) Where X = 60 (50% of 120) n = 120 (sample size) P0 = 0.65 q0 = 0.35 [q0 =1- P0] Z = (60 120 * 0.65) / à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ (120 * 0.65 * 0.35) = -3.44 Result: Because Z-Scores value computed by normal approximation does not lie in critical region, we did not find sufficient evidences to accept our Null Hypothesis. We further concluded that less than 65% of employee said Toyota Production system TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. CHAPTER 6: Discussions CONCLUSION Toyota Company is one of the best automobile manufacturing companies of the globe. This has successfully conquered its market through attractive and reliable cars with continuous innovations. In this case, Toyota has main advantage of its efficient production system which is its unique characteristic. Besides that it uses number of marketing tools to maintain its sustainable growth, which is as under Research and development Toyota focusing on innovation, for that innovation they conduct research and collect information about market, customers etc and they always come up with new ideas, brings new cars With more feature of comforts Customer relationship management (CRM) They consider customer as king, and realize their importance in their business operation So they develop long term relation with them to best identify their characteristic in order to give them extra value and satisfaction Compliance with laws and regulation Toyota is global leader and markets its product in numerous countries, so for that it must need to understand rules regulation of every country to perform its business operations. So it always complies with national and international laws and regulation being socially responsible. Stakeholder relationship Toyota respect its stakeholders, who have some stake or interest in your organization, like customer, investors, suppliers, dealers etc so Toyota focuses on how to make them satisfied for smooth operations of business E-Business operations Toyota also started its e- business in many countries, so its good marketing strategy to facilitate customers and dealers to transact on computer (internet) Promotional activities It is almost impossible for multinational company to run without focusing on promotional activities, so Toyota does it recognizes too and stresses promotional activities. Extra customer value and satisfaction Toyota has the image, that it provides high quality and standard of life. It always contribute its efforts to maintain that image among customers, so it created brand equity and has made their customer brand loyal Participative management Toyota welcome suggestion from every working unit, encourage creativity from every employee of organization. Who shows creativity and innovation brings competitive advantage For Toyota, than it reinforce them by rewarding Recommendations Operations are strictly run by a sustainable business strategy in order to control the wastage of material, which is passed on from one generation to the other and not by short-term decision making or by the attitudes of changing management teams and variable customer tastes. Toyota success comes through continuous efforts and launching incomparable product. Growth comes from the inside out and not through mergers and acquisitions, in other words, growth through continual improvement of products and services and not through continued reform. Toyota always focus to their customer need rather their capacity to produce the product the key point is to control the wastage of material because Toyota adopted the strategy mass customization rather than mass production. Skilled employees are one of the key point of Toyota in achieving their long lasting goals. Toyota employees always work for the sake of the company prosperity. Latest technology is being used like the Toyota production system to eliminate the wastage of material and to compete to the rivals and in order to fulfill the customers desire. Centralized system is being adopted by Toyota all the powers are not in one hand divided into several hands for the interest of employees and staff. Flexible environment the lower cadre easily reaches to the higher cadre and sharing of ideas is the key spot of the success history of Toyota. Remarkable history of Toyota an ultra growth in the automobile industry without any imperfection. Toyota offer flexible working environment, create a culture to stick the setback. New ideas are core area of the success of Toyota. Toyota implements blue ocean strategy in order to make incompetent to their rival. First fuel injected car introduced by Toyota which is his blue ocean strategy and capture the market share of all the automobile manufacturing concerns. Standardised tasks are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee Empowerment. produce leaders who scrupulously comprehend the work, live the values, and educate it to others. Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your companys beliefs. Respect your comprehensive network of associates and suppliers by challenging them and serving them progress. Make decisions slowly by accord, in detail taking into account all options; employ decisions speedily.

Outline for a Story Book Essay

I propose to design a book for children 7 to 8 years old. In this modern world of technology, books are set aside in favor of computers and other highly technical gadgets. The innovation of computers has pushed man into heights of advancement but the need for leisure stays untouched in his heart. A good book read at leisure brings this kind of comfort and relaxation and the best time to inspire the habit of reading starts at age when one is at his most curious stage. This will be a story book. I have been a tutor for children for five years and I noticed that no amount of teaching any subject will interest a child if there is language or comprehension difficulty with them. Even an English speaking child will find difficulty understanding or connecting the spoken word from the written word so that learning to read and understanding its meaning comes basic to the learning process of every child. My proposed book will be stories of magic of the ancient world, in the fashion of f adventures, fantasy, rituals set to the present day. Contemporary dialogues in the 7 to 8 levels will be created to relate it to the development stage of the target learner. The various influence of magic land will serve as the vehicle for the presentation of ethnic and racial composition of the United States and other influences. The story book will be an aid to the basic textbook for the pre-schoolers learning how to read. The book is designed to inspire interest within the child to discover the beauty of reading. The goal is to arouse the interest of the child so that reading will not come as a task but as an activity to enjoy. Once the child develops this attitude towards reading, then it will not be so difficult to incorporate the teaching of other subjects such as history in the process. Outline for a Storybook 3 It would be a challenge to present history to the child in this age level in its most factual content. This is the reason that the book needs to be presented as a story book. The subjects however must be true historical events and facts of the United States. In this particular book I recommend the history of America in times of the Indians. A lot of historical facts a played down on history books in relation to the Indians role in America’s territorial claim. This will be a good subject to present so that it will be inculcated in the minds of the child the Indians original claim to domain of what now become major white dominions. The book is meant to be a parent-child activity book. It is very important that parents take an active participation in inculcating the love of reading within the child at this age of development. This will find difficult periods at the beginning of the activity since it should be considered that most children do not like to study in the first place. The book in itself should be designed as attractively so that it will serve to initiate curiosity in the child. The marketing target will be both the children and parents. In a bookstore scenario, the packaging and the Cover Literature of the book should be interesting to both. As complimentary to the reading lessons of the child in school, this story book will be presented as a picture book. Every page will depict a scene described in the literature. Words will be in bold and in large fonts. Simple and easy to understand words will be used and the picture depicted will serve as the tag word that will be written on top of the page. The parent, teacher or professional who assist the child in the reading process using this book must take into consideration that this book’s main goal is to let the child Outline for a Storybook 4 enjoy the process. This is very important to cultivate this attitude in the child so that it would not be a long faced affair for him to learn how to read at the same time learns history. In this manner, packaging is a critical issue. This book I design is read by its cover. It has to be package is such a way that the child will be attracted to it. This design will only serve as an initial catch for the child’s interest. It will serve as a promise to the child that anything inside will be interesting to know. It is very important that the book will deliver what it promised. The story has to relate to the child’s environment at the present and at the same time it should also arouse his curiosity of the past. As the child goes through the pages of the book, although his main interest goes to the pictures of the pages, it should be explained to him that what goes in the pictures can be best appreciated by the dialogues written in the paragraphs. His attention must be taken to the tag word on top and the tag word must be historical in its content which definitely should relate to the picture. The atmosphere of introducing this book has to be casual and informal. No amount of rigidity will inspire the child to pursue in discovering the contents of this book if the mood is too formal for him. It shall be also explained to the child that the session is no play and he needs to listen and speak what he understands of the story read with him so that the there will be an active exchange of conversation between the child and the teacher. The parent or professional has to be sensitive to the attention level of the child, if he feels that the child’s interest is gone, he may need to postpone the session later and let the child relax a bit. The dialogues in the book will have questions that can be answered by the listener or the readers. Outline for a Storybook 5 Example of the Cover Design: The book would be hard bound and present a painting of Indians in their most vivid and colorful attire. Maybe it would depict a scene from the Purification Rites of this people which is very bloody. It should also project scenes of Indian Children frolicking in the wilds, training to rides horse and learning the trade of hunting. The issue is not to create a controversy in the minds of the young learner of who are the true Americans. But it is very important also that at earliest stage of learning process the learners knew the role of Indians in early America. My goal is to inspire a bond and cultivate a certain respect and honor to the people who are the very first inhabitants of a great territory of the States. Since this is a story book, the character maybe fictitious. But it is also important that he represent a real Indian in history. The events should also be referrals of real events of Indian history. Outline for a Storybook 6 The picture is copied from an internet source but it serve only as an example. My proposed cover design is of little Indian boys and girls depicting scenes mentioned above. The colors should be vivid as vivid as the colors of the Indians. Outline for a Storybook 7 The cover and page designs used here are just representations. Summary/Plot of the Story The story will be a fiction which depicts characters of different tribes of Indians. He does not have to represent a particular Indian Tribe. My reason is that in that time, the Indians were not united in their principle to the claim of their territory. Red Cloud will be a boy born to one Indian Tribe. He is destined to be the next ruler of their ethnic group. Most of his adventures will depict bravery and his developing skill at hunting. He showed extra ordinary intelligence. Most of the events in this story will depict Red cloud’s adventures as a boy. His ability to tame wild animals and his special understanding of behaviors of bird will be shown in the character of a Hawk he has trained since it was a baby. They will have a special way of communicating and the hawk has an ability to follow Red Cloud’s instructions. Among the several highlights in this story will be Red Cloud’s adventures with the Hawk that save their tribes from their enemies, including abuses from government soldiers. In order to present the facts of the Indian’s claim to a vast territory of America it should told in this book the birthright of this ethnic group. It should also be explained the nomadic custom of this ethnic group so that they do not respect written documents to defend their claim. The language must be relevant to 7 & 8 age level. The primary goal of this story book is to educate the American children of the true story of the Indians Territorial Claim to the United States. It should also educate the First and Second Graders that then United States claim of sovereignty. Outline for a Storybook 8 Describe any Competing Books Most children’s story books are fairytales with no reference to history. Children loved magic. This will be the kind of book that will compete strongly with this proposed story book. The advantage to this proposed book is that it has reference to American History. It is not just mere adventure children’s book. It is a book that tells real history of American Indians intended for use of First and Second Graders. This will attract the target market of this book. Most children do not like history. Many believe that history is about memorizing date, names and places. But History is about facts and adventures too. This will be the kind of children’s story book but we like to put in the market. Size & Format of the Book The book will measure 8 inches by 13 inches. This is a comfortable size to hold and to put in children’s bag. No pop—up. It will be a regular type to hard bound book. My idea is that the book will look more like a book and not like a plaything. Making it pop-up will distract so much attention from the literary qualities it is meant to be. This children’s story book is design to educate and invite children to love books and the beauty of reading. It should not look like a poor clone of the computer. The story inside the book should be made and took literature that relates so much to the feeling s and understanding of 7 and 8 Outline for a Storybook 9 years old to establish a bond with its readers. This is not an easy goal. But this can be done if there is realistic approach to study and learn children’s attitudes and needs with less professional or adult exercise of dominant role.

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My Reflection On My Adolescent Side - 857 Words

Getting back to the normal session was pleasant for me. It was not as intense as initial sessions, but still powerful. â€Å"My adolescent side† exercise was especially insightful, and made me think about it in depth. It is incredible to see that I still keep these sides alive in a different way. Even today shyness and anger feelings popping out in my daily life can makes things harder time to time. These sides might not be seen as playful/joyful as other’s have. Moreover, I do not even know how to address them. On the other side, I started gaining control and power over my difficulties by examining my background and getting insight about them. Additionally, I noticed that I overly focus on my negative sides. I believe it is time to think about my positive side as well. As I know that you value positive psychology as well and I should engage in this field to get a better understanding about personal growth due to personal and professional reasons. Firstly, as I stated i n the session, I was a communist in my adolescent ages, it sounds so hilarious, but this identification process made my life easier in those years. Since, I grew up in a relatively authoritarian and conservative environment. I always query the drawbacks and negative impacts of this cultural organization on the personality development. This political stance meant social justice, equality and freedom for me at those times (okay I’ve changed). Being an opponent of the system and all the authority representation wasShow MoreRelatedThe Changes Experienced in Adolescence, Adulthood, and Midlife696 Words   |  3 PagesThere are a number of changes one experiences as one moves from adolescence to adulthood o midlife. For instance, as an adolescent, one behavior that was common to me, as it is to most adolescents, was the desire to test the limits. This is the parental balance that comes with temperament and experience how to set limits and guidelines while, at the same time, allowi ng the teen to make their own mistakes and constructively learn from those errors in judgement. Then, as we grow into adulthood, thereRead MoreCupid And Psyche : An Unsettling And Awkward Version Of The Myth953 Words   |  4 PagesCupid and Psyche has been evaluated as being an unnerving and awkward version of the myth. David’s painting depicts a vulgar and adolescent Cupid as he is sneaking away just before sunrise. Traditionally, the god of love would be presented as an idealized and noble youth; however, in this painting David chose to show a ruddy juvenile who sneers at the observer as if to display his conquest. Cupid lacks the elegance and beautiful youthfulness, usually attributed to the gods in art; in fact, DavidRead More Corporal Punishment in Schools Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pageschoice and I chose to do this topic, because the week before in Intro to Education we had discussed discipline methods and I was astonished to learn that corporal punishment still exis ted in schools. I am hoping that by including this piece of work on my webfolio others will become aware that corporal punishment is alive and used often in our schools. In the following paper I will discuss the controversial issue of the use of corporal punishment in schools. Supporters for corporal punishmentRead MoreAdolescents with Disabilities790 Words   |  4 PagesPsychosocial Issues and Coping Strategies for Adolescents with Disabilities Adolescence is a time of change. It is a universal fact, meaning that everyone experiences a time of â€Å"growing up†. 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Part1: reflection. * My academic level of intelligence * My grades are nice and high * The sense of welcome and comfort in the school * My friends * My new teacher are reliable * School spirit weeks, activities, sports. * The way we are treated as mature adults * The amount of time spent in classes is pretty accurate; allows us to learn more in a shorter period of time. * There is three more years before school is done, and now I can enterRead MoreGroup Therapy For Treatment Of Psychological Issues954 Words   |  4 PagesGroups Reflection Peg Michaels Walden University Groups Reflection Through research, group therapy has been proven to be as cost affective and therapeutically beneficial as individual therapy for treatment of psychological issues (Corey, Corey Corey, 2010). For counselors to appropriately facilitate many types of group therapy they need to develop certain skills. These skills can be learned through cross training. 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Although these poems may be about the same topic, they are presented in different points of view by the narrators. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is in the first person point of view as it’s happening, â€Å"The Whipping† is also presented as it is happening, but is presented third person, however; â€Å"Daddy† is written as a reflection inRead MoreSharing Personal Stories through Fascinating and Effective Ways1423 Words   |  6 PagesLet me take you back to 7th grade, a year that most can agree wasn’t all too great in their adolescent lives. Wether it was your friendships, your crush, or your slew of emotions, I know I am not the only one who found themselves having no clue how I felt or what direction I wanted to go in when I was 13 years old. While home this semester, I was fortunate (or unfortunate) enough to stumble upon a â€Å"diary† of mine that had but only one entry in it. It was common of me to start up something, like aRead More Children and Violence: An American Media Controversy Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesviolen t or other harmful behaviors? There are those who would say yes, it does promote destructive behavior in real life. On the other hand, there are those who argue no, violent media is simply a reflection of what is already occurring in our society. One paramount debate that truly highlights the two sides of this controversy occurred in July of 1997. As George Gerbner, the former dean of the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Communications, argued that, â€Å"Formula-driven media violence is not

The Different Types of Autism - 675 Words

At two years old Johnathan was diagnosed with a mild form of autism. Autism affects every 1-in-70 boys and 1-in-315 girls around the world. It affects the brain’s way of thinking and processing information. Many people with autism have a hard time with concentration, organization, and remembering certain things. Consequently, autism is a mental disorder that affects the brain, body, and other people. According to Mary Brownell, â€Å"autism is a neurobiological condition that ranges from severe to mild.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"People with autism spectrum disorder (ASDs) have problems with communication, learning, behavior, and social skills.†(Abramovitz) This shows that autism can affect many parts of the brain, which may affect the body. The different ranges of autism are known as the autism spectrum. The autism spectrum can range from mild to serious. In serious cases, some people may not be able to speak, feed, or dress themselves. In other worlds, autism can be different for a nyone who has it; therefore, one may have it worse then another. (1a:SV; therefore, SV.) In addition, autism is a mental illness that can range in seriousness. The aspergers spectrum is a mild form of autism, which is part of the autism spectrum. â€Å"Individuals with aspergers represent the greatest number of people on the spectrum. Another way to say this is that many people with autism have aspergers spectrum. Aspergers is a type of mild autism that is mainly seen in people with autism. Also, many people with aspergersShow MoreRelatedMusic And Children With Autism881 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Topic: Music and Children with Autism Purpose: To inform audiences about the effect of music to the children with autism Thesis: Music effect children with autism in a powerful significant way. Introduction: †¢ Do you know that 1 in every 68 children in the United States has an autism? (Miriam, 2014) †¢ Boys are more likely to have autism than girl. †¢ What is autism means to us? In 1943, according to Dr. Leo Kannar who was the first described autism as a distinct condition that caused byRead MoreHow Does Autism Affect Your Brain Affects Your Whole Personality And The Way You Interact With Others1160 Words   |  5 PagesI’ve had a personal encounter with a child who has autism. It was hard to socialize with him because he avoided making eye contact with me and he wanted to spend time alone. Since that day, autism has become very intriguing for me now I can study a topic that interests me. Through this study, I’ve learned how grateful I am for the life I have and although I go through challenges every day, others have it much worse. I’ve also learned that the tiniest problems in the brain can affect your wholeRead MoreAutism : The Fastest Growing Disorder1076 Words   |  5 PagesAutism affects people in a lot of different ways. 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Business Law Answer Key Free Essays

Business Law Answer Key This is a comprehensive key to all the questions, including some chapters which we did not cover. You are responsible only for chapters on the syllabus. Ch. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law Answer Key or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 2 E. 4 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. E Ch. 3 A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 – 3 E. 3 – 1 †¢ Interrogatories is a pretrial procedure involving written questions to be signed under oath †¢ Deposition is a pretrial procedure involving oral questions answered under oath 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T- F 5. T †¢ About one half of all lawsuits settle before trail -) True †¢ In a lawsuit for money damages, both the plaintiff and the defendant are generally entitled to a jury. -) True 6. E 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D Ch. 4 A. 5 B. 6 C. 1 D. 2 E. 3 F. 4 †¢ Stare Decisis – The rule that requires courts to decide cases based on the precedent †¢ Promulgate- The act an administrative agency creating a new rule 1. T 2. F- T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F The due process clause requires that any citizen is entitled to a jury trial before any right or property interest is taken -) False †¢ Administrative agencies play an advisory role in the life of many industries but do not have the legal authority to enforce their opinions. -) False 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. B †¢ If Colorado passes a hotel tax of 8 percent for Colorado residents and 15 percent for out of state visitors. The new law is void, based on the commerce clause. †¢ Which of these is an example of judicial review? A federal court declares a statute unconstitutional †¢ What is an example of a subpoena? A court order requiring a deponent to answer questions. Ch. 5 – Perfect!!!!!!! A. 4 B. 3 C. 6 D. 2 E. 1 F. 7 G. 5 1. F 2. F (not enough information; battery for sure) 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. C Ch. 6 A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 2 E. 4 1. F 2. T (depends in which state – state law differs on this point) 3. F 4. T-F 5. T 6. F Some states are comparative negligence states but the majorities are contributory negligence states. -) False A landowner might be liable if a dinner guest fell on a broken porch step but not liable if a trespasser fell on the same place. ) True 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C Ch. 7 A. 5 B. 1 (this seems to be the best choice, although the definition sounds more like the Anti-Money Laundering Act rather than RICO, which was originally passed to combat organized crime). C. 4 D. 6 E. 3 F. 2 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F †¢ Corporate officers can be convicted of crimes: corporation they cannot be -) False †¢ An affidavit is the government’s formal charge of criminal wrongdoing. †¢ Affidavit- a written statement signed under oath 6. D 7. E 8. A 9. A- E 10. B A prosecutor concerned that he may lack sufficient evidence to obtain a conviction may agree to an affidavit. †¢ Professor asks Janice, his teaching assistant to please drive the professor’s car to the repair shop. Janice gets in and drives, not to the garage, but 1,400 miles farther west to Las Vegas. Janice has committed Embezzlement. Ch. 9 A. 4 (this is how the textbook defines implied contracts, but keep in mind that if you spell out the terms of a contract, this is going to be an express contract; an implied contract is one which can be inferred from the conduct of the parties) B. 5 C. 3 D. 1 E. †¢ Implied contract- An agreement based on words and actions of the parties †¢ Consideration- Bargaining that leads to an exchange between the parties †¢ Liquidated debt- a debt in which the amount is undisputed. †¢ Bilateral contract- a co mmon law principle requiring the acceptance to be on exactly the terms of the offer. 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. A (although E seems ok to me as well) 7. C (although A seems ok to me as well, but perhaps not enough facts are provided, so C is the better answer) 8. E 9. C- E 10. E Abdul hires Sean to work in his store, and agrees to pay him $9 an hour.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics. This agreement is governed by the UCC-)False †¢ If someone makes and offer and that person puts another offer on the table, they are rejecting the offer. Ch. 10 A. 3(intent is just one of the elements to prove fraud) B. 4 C. 5 D. 1 E. 2 Part Performance- Entry onto land, or improvements made to it, by a buyer who has no written contract Exculpatory Clause- a contract clause intended to relieve one party from potential tort liability 1. T 2. F 3. T- F 4. T 5. T 6. F †¢ Non compete clauses are suspect because they tend to restrain free trade. -) True 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. D †¢ If people are buying and selling a house and neither party has copy of the emails, they still have the parties still have a binding contract for the sale of Louise’s House. †¢ You drive up to a fancy restaurant and hand your car keys to the valet . You have created a Baliment. †¢ Bailment: giving possession and control of personal property to another person. CH. 16 A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 5 E. 2 1. T-F 2. F-T 3. F 4. F-T 5. T †¢ A principal is always liable on a contract, whether he is fully disclosed, unidentified or undisclosed. ) True †¢ When a contract goes wrong, a third party can always recover damages from the agent, whether the principal is fully disclosed, unidentified, or undisclosed. -) False †¢ An agent may never act for two principals whose interest conflict-) false 6. B 7. C 8. B-D 9. C 10. A-none Someone painting the outside of a building you own crashed through a window, injuring a visiting executive. Whi ch of the following questions would our lawyer not need to ask to determine if the painter was your employee? Had you checked the painter’s references? Which of the following activities committed by an agent is not likely to create liability for the principal. A car accident while driving to work. Ch. 17 A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 2 E. 1 F. 3 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. E 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. E 15. A CH. 18 A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2 E. 5 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. B 7. E 8. D 9. D 10. B CH. 20 A. 2 B. 5 C. 4 D. 1 E. 3 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C CH. 22 A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 1 E. 2 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C CH. 25 A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 1 E. 2 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A How to cite Business Law Answer Key, Essays

Digital Forensic Case Study Analysis

Question : As part of the auditing team in capacity of a Digital Forensics expert, your task is to prepare digital forensics investigative plan to enable a systematic collection of evidence and subsequent forensic analysis of the electronic and digital data. Assuming all systems are Windows based, this plan should detail following: 1.justify why use of the digital forensic methodology and approach is warranted including procedures for corporate investigation. 2.describe the resources required to conduct a digital forensic investigation, including team member skill sets and required tools. 3.outline an approach for data/evidence identification and acquisition that would occur in order to prepare the auditors for review of the digital evidence. 4.outline an approach and steps to be taken during the analysis phase making the assumption the computer system is a Microsoft Windows-based computer. 5.create a table of contents for the investigative plan describing what the primary focus of the report would be. Answer : Executive Summary Global Finance is larger finance company, existing in Australia. Its services include investment, retirement and superannuation in the finance sectors, providing to individuals to corporate. Information technology support is taken and the company has grown globally and further challenge of information security has been a concern to achieved by the audit team in its branch office. Introduction Global Finance Company has been suspected of a compromise, in one of its branches. The case study is all about the digital forensic investigation performed by the enforced audit team and to submit the report to the information security office in the head office. Global Finance Company Global Finance Company suffers from a information in one of its branches. So, the important points of consideration about, are the following. 1. Global Finance has over 10,000 employees working in the world, in many finance sectors of interest. 2. The company stands to be an international player, globally with its finance products of investment, retirement and superannuation, provided to the individuals, larger corporate and superannuation fund investors. 3. Investment management expertise is spread to multiple sectors, property, private equity, global shares, fixed interest, credit and infrastructure. Concern of Global Finance 1. Global finance is spread its services throughout the world through information technology and misses the updates of application and update infrastructure after the year 2000. 2. The child organizations have no restrictions in terms of authorized access to access the data from the other child organization and network segmentation and firewall are poorly implemented. 3. Through there are detection implementation for intrusion and logging, these are seldom used. 4. The servers and workstations in all of its branches are Microsoft Windows based. 5. Head office in Melbourne consists of advanced technology and infrastructure to conduct forensic investigation capabilities. 6. One of its branches in Brisbane, has been suspected of a compromise of its managers computer. 7. Information security office, present in the head office has enforced an audit team for reviewing paper based documents of the branch and digital forensic. investigation in the Brisbane branch. Need for Digital Forensic Methodology The suspect of compromise can be happened for any reason, like deletion of the files, breach through network, unauthorized access or anything. So, data recovery, data forensic and network forensic along cannot suffice for complete investigation of the compromise. So, digital forensic, which consists of all these branches as sub branches methodology, is needed to applied to find the source of the compromise. Resources Digital forensic is a major task, which needs many tools and skills to perform the investigation of the source of compromise in the branch office. Apart from these skills and tools, the audit team must also have to follow certain principles towards integrity and security of the information. The following are to be understood and followed by the team. 1. Each of the members should have enough expertise to safely handle the data retrieved from the Global Finance branch office, for the investigation purpose. 2. Data retrieved from the workstations and servers should not be altered and the original has to be preserved, as is. 3. Data from each and every process must be well preserved to submit in the report. 4. All the result of the investigation is accountable by the team. Scope The scope of the investigation is the following Malicious activities identification. Security lap identification. Digital evidence identification. Impact analysis, if the compromise is true. Legal procedure identification, if the compromise is due to illegal reasons. Decision of actions after the identification of the source. Digital Forensic Approach For the Global Finance information security compromise, the approach to be followed is FSFP or Four Step Forensic Process. Figure 1: FSFP A Digital Forensic Model Need of regular evidence of document and its preservation is represented by the arrow. Preparation Process Digital forensic investigation process is executed in different phases. Phase 1 - Collection 1. Collection process is the identification of data, followed by labeling the data then recording it. 2. Forensic tool identification to collect and gather all the digital forensic data. 3. Gather all possible information from the emails, files of MS-Word, Spreadsheets, Outlook, etc. 4. Information access from routers, switches, firewalls, topology of the network, servers and diagrams of the network. 5. Network information through the live network traffic, through various tools like netmon tool, etc. 6. The managers computer must be accessed through LAN connection, so that more information can be accessed through the network traffic. 7. Microsoft Windows based tools, like cryptcat tools are useful so that the server can be accessed and heard. 8. During the data collection, the target computer should not be shut down, and keep running. Volatile Data Capture Volatile data like RAM, log data, Windows registry information and many other user account details are explored to collect the potential data from the targeted managers computer. Clipboard data is also potential data for the investigation. Managers workstation is accessed through LAN and the server port can be heard through the tool, cryptcat and the command to be executed is, cryptcat 6543 k key To capture data from the target workstation, the give the command. cryptcat -1 p 6543 k key Andd other graphical user interface tools used are, Process Explorer Rootkit Revealer Tcpview Other Windows tools to collect the data from target computers in the regional office are, HBGrays fastDump for physical local memory HBGrays F-Response for remote physical memory Ipconfig - to collect the details of subject system Netusers and qusers for identifying information about users, who are logged in Doskey - to collect command history Netfile - identifying the present services and drivers Using the combination of the above tools, the following volatile data is accessed. Running processes Network connection from running system memory Network data Forensic Imaging Non volatile data is collected from the hard drive, CD, DVD, Flash drives, USB or memory cards, portable hard drives, etc. Other non volatile data has to be collected from the sources of, Web server logs Application logs Database logs Antivirus logs Windows event log Domain controller logs Firewall logs IDS logs Forensic imaging is the copying process of non volatile data, without alterations, by using write protect or write blockers. It needs the tools like FTK, EnCase and ProDiscover. The collection of data should involve both the offline and online data collection. The above data collection is the offline data collection. And for the online data collection, ethereal and Wireshrk tools are used. After the data collection, the data must be made read only, by using the tools like, SANS, etc. Phase 2: Examination Examination of the collected information must be done using the forensic investigation tools. File System Examination Since the managers computer is Windows based system, NTFS file system has to be thoroughly examined for MFT metadata. To store Data stream file, c: echo text_mass file1.txt:file2.txt to retrieve the file c:more file1.txt:file2.txt. Windows Registry Examination Windows Registry data can reveal the time related alterations lastwrite and many more precise data about the user applications, hardware device references, in the managers computer. Windows registry has the structure with the following hives. HKEY_CURRENT_USER HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG HKEY_USERS HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT The keys and values like autostart, user activity, Most recent Used List from the registry are the potential investigated data for the audit team. Network Forensic Examination Since the managers computer is connected to the server in the branch office and the same branch office is connected to the other child organizations of the company, network forensic examination plays vital role about compromise, through unauthorized access of the data from his computer. Network forensic is done by the team through security related as well as the forensic data related to the laws related to the cyber crimes, enabled in Australia. Packet forensic is tracked to track the network traffic through browsing details, queries, mails, etc. Other network forensic data such as registry information, service listing, process listing, network connections, system information, registered user information and binary dump of memory are explored and examined. Packet sniffers help out the team to explore and investigate the web services, email communication, identification, mapping, fingerprinting, etc. Examination of Database Forensic Database forensic examination is done using queries for identification, preservation and analysis of the database. Data Modification Language and Data Definition Language are to be explored for identifying the transaction happened prior and after the suspect of the compromise. Customized configuration file is also used to execute DMW and DBCC commands for database forensic examination. Phase 3 - Analysis Once the examination phase is completed, all the examined data is analyzed in detail. The analysis of the data includes many of the activities done by the audit team. The activities to list out are, Unusual application request analysis Unusual and hidden file analysis and if exists, unusual open socket analysis is to be followed Analysis of unusual accounts Analysis of malicious activities during some period before and after the suspect of the compromise Updated level analysis Patching level system analysis Complete timeline activities analysis Complete file system analysis Complete memory analysis Detailed malware analysis, both in static and dynamic methods through prefetch, registry, log examinations and analysis After the detailed analysis is done, all the findings are to be clearly noted with all the necessary digital evidences. The team has to summarize the analysis points, as follows. Identification of the source of the compromise Identification of the targeted, which is managers computer, through remote access persistently by the attacker or hacker Suspected malware and its activities for compromise Patches for the operating system, in case are not installed in the target computer The source or the process of the hacker or attacker to access the data from the managers computer. Phase 4 Report By this phase, all the collection, examination and analysis of the data from the workstations and servers are done. The options of the sources of the compromise are narrowed down to find the exact source of compromise. After determining the exact source, the team has to draft and prepare the final report. The report can be made in many of the ways. Here in this case study, the report has to be created clearly as a written report. Finally, the report is submitted to the office of information security, located in the head office. Final Report Purpose The purpose of the report is digital forensic investigation to explore and submit the compromise source, if happened in the target computer. Author Audit Teams Incident Summary The compromise source is investigated through the digital forensic investigation performed in the regional branch, on all of its computers. Evidence All of the digital data is submitted, in the form of volatile and non volatile data files. Analysis The managers computer is compromised from the source1, source2, source3, etc. Conclusion Digital Forensic Investigation is performed and the sources are submitted in the report. Submitted supporting documents Supporting documents submitted in the form of Volatile and non- volatile data, registry info, network traffic report, packet sniffer report, log info, registry info and the tool generated reports and so on. Conclusion Global Finance Companys regional branch has been investigated digital forensically, to investigate the suspected sources of the compromise has been happened to the targeted managers computer from the same branch. The final report is submitted to the head offices the information security office, present in Melbourne. References Aquilina, M.J., (2003), Malware Forensics, Investigating and Analyzing Malicious Code, Syngress, Carvey, H., (2005), Windows Forensics and Incident Recovery, Boston: Pearson Education Inc. Cyber Forensic Investigation Plan, International Journal of Advance Research (2008), UOAR.org, Volume 1, Issue 1, accessed on 9 January, 2015, https://www.academia.edu/3827683/Cyber_Forensic_Investigation_Plan US-CERT, (2012), Computer Forensics, Available at https://www.us-cert.gov/reading-room/forensics.pdf, accessed on 30th December 2013. Siti Rahayu Selamat, Robiah Yusof, Shahrin Sahib (2008), Mapping Process of Digital Forensic Investigation Framework, JCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Securit, Vol 8. Shiner, D.L.D., and Cross, M., (2002), Scene of the Cybercrime, 2nd edn, Syncress: Burlington. Kenneth J. Zahn (2013), Case Study: 2012 DC3 Digital Forensic Challenge Basic Malware Analysis Exercise, GIAC (FREM) Gold Certification John Ashcroft (2001), Electronic Crime Scene Investigation, A guide for First Responders, NIJ Guide M Reith, C Carr, G Gunsch (2002). "An examination of digital forensic models". International Journal of Digital Evidence Richard Brian Adams (2012), The Advanced Data Acquisition Model (ADAM): A Process Model for Digital Forensic Practice Agarwal, A., Gupta, M., Gupta, S., Gupta, S. C. (2011). Systematic Digital Forensic Investigation Model, International Journal of Computer Science and Security, 5(1), 118-130. Armstrong, C. (2003), Mastering Computer Forensics. In C. Irvine H. Armstrong, Security Education and Critical Infrastructures Kluwer Academic Publishers.