Homonyms and antonyms Essay Example for Free

Homonyms and antonyms Essay course similar in form but quite distinguishable in their meaning and distribution argon called homonyms 1, 74. Homonym is a word that is spelt like another word (or pronounced like it) but which has a contrary meaning 2, 464. The term is derided from Greek homonymous (homos the same and onoma name) and thus expresses very well the sameness of name combined with the difference in meaning The tralatitious formal classification of homonyms is as follows 1. Homonyms proper which are similar both in sound and spelling, e. g. ball () ball (), hail () hail (). 2. Partial homonyms are subdivided into1) Homographs which are identical in spelling but different in sound, e.g. bow/bou/()-bow/bau/( ), lead /led/ () lead/lid/ (). 2) Homophones which are identical in sound but different in spelling, e.g. key () quay (), sow () sew () 1, 74. Homonyms may be classified by the type of their meaning. In this reason one should distinguish between 1. Lexical homonyms which belong to the same part of speech, e.g. plane n. () plain n. (), light a. () light a. (). 2. Grammatical homonyms which belong to different move of speech, e.g. row v. () row n.(), weather n. () whether conj. (). 3. Homoforms which are identical only in some paradigm constituents, e.g. scent n. sent (Past Ind. and Past Part. of send), seize v. sees (Pr.Ind., 3d p.sing. of see) 1, 74. professor A.I. Smirnitsky classified homonyms into ii large classes 1)Full homonyms are words, which re defer the same category of parts of speech and cave in the same paradigm, e.g. wren n. (a member of the Womens royal Naval Service) wren n. (a bird). 2)Partial homonyms are subdivided into three subgroups a) Simple lexico-grammatical partial homonyms are words, which belong to the same category of parts of speech. Their paradigms have only one identical form, but it is never the same form, e.g. (to) found v. found v. (past indef., past part. of to find), (to) lay .v lay .v (past indef. of to lie). b) Complex lexico-grammatical partial homonyms are words of different categories of parts of speech, which have identical form in their paradigms, e.g. rose n. rose v. (past indef. of to rise), maid n make v (past indef., past part. of to make). c) Partial lexical homonyms are words of the same category of parts of speech which are identical only in their corresponding forms, e.g. to lie (lay, lain) v. to lie (lied, lied) v., to hang (hung, hung) v. to hang (hanged, hanged) v 1,74.Examples1) Its made out of wood. The skaters would normally perform their stunts and tricks there, May explains (5, 12). 2) A half pipe put up be dangerous. Skateboarders wear protective gear, May points out. Staying safe is important, Buzz agrees. right away where is my notebook?(5, 13). 3) Good luck Buzz tells May. Go take the lead in this competition I feel nervous, May says. My legs feel as if they are made of lead (5, 24). 4) May I sail with you in May? (9, 31).5) Mous e Deer, Im very glad to have much(prenominal) dear friends (6, 12). 6) But hes unable to see that Oscar prefer his presence to his presents once in a while(11). 7) Its my birthday present to him. I can fill in, Ollie says. Id be happy to present the Big Air Jam, with Buzz (5, 18). 8) Dad, buy me a ballBye, Osc, Im in a hurry, answered Mark and hung on (11, 135). 9) What a nice scent, Nicky Hilary Duff With love? asked Ally. Ughmn. My father sent it to me last Christmas, said Nicky climbing the lean (11, 66). (10)Id like to go to the sea. I think its amazing to see the autumn sunset, said Carolyn a bit enigmatically (12, 45).AntonymsWords that have directly opposite meanings are called antonyms 1, 73. Antonym is a word with a meaning that is opposite to the meaning of another word 3, 58. Antonyms fall into two main groups 1. Root antonyms (those which are different root), e.g. long short, up down, to start to finish, etc. 2. Affixal antonyms (in which special affixes or their ab sence express semantic opposition), e.g. brilliant hopeless, happy unhappy, appear disappear, etc. 1, 73. Polysemantic words usually have antonyms for each of their lexico-semantic variants a vague knife a sharp knife, a dull boy a bright boy, etc. Examples1) Flash Wiggins makes scoring look easy, Harold tells Cassy. But beating the goalie is difficult (8, 210). 2) Krupp and Smythe worked together to even the score, Harold adds. Nothing can tear them apart (8, 77). 3) You can help me make this rough ice smooth again says the driver (8, 93). 4) stimulate Bear Im Father Bear, and I sit in this great big chair. Baby Bear Im Baby Bear and I sit in that humble chair (10, 23). 5) Ah, but sometimes it is more courageous to do the right thing, than rebel and do the wrong thing, you know, she said softly, meeting my eye (11, 119).6) He blushed and absolutely paled from nerves at the situation he was in (11, 25). 7) Oh, no, Nicky For you its hard, but for meits very easy. I have kno wn him for ages (11, 81). 8) And then we couldnt quietus in the spacious room after being promised. But I suppose, it will be better to sleep in narrow rooms (4, 211). 9) Anne had a young, brighter face and more delicate features than the others Marilla saw at her and felt herself old enough to change her life (4, 267). 10) I can and A-n-n looks dreadful, but A n n e looks so much more distinguished, but call me Cordelia It looks wonderful (4, 43).List of literature1. .., .. . . , 2001. 117 . 2. Agnes M. Websters New World College Dictionary / M. Agnes, D. B.Guralnik. Cleveland IDG Books universal Ink., 2000. 1716 p. 3. Oxford Paperback Thesaurus / Maurice Waite. Oxford New York Oxford University Press, 2006. 930 p. 4. .. , / , , , .. , .. . , 2008. 440 . 5. Anna Prokos. Half-Pipe Homonyms / Prokos Anna. Gareth Stevens, 2009. 27 p. 6. Any Talbot. Deer and His Dear Friends a tale from India / Talbot Any. Benchmark Education Compan y, 2006. 16 p. 7. Catherine Alliot. The Real Thing / Alliot Catherine. publicize Book Publishing, 1996. 471 p. 8. Claudia Pattison. Wow / Pattison Claudia. Pan Books, 2001. 374 p. 9. Judy Goodard. Fun with homonyms / Goodard Judy. Industry Way Westminster, 2005. 43 p. 10. Karma Wilson. Bear stays up for Christmas / Wilson Karma. Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2011. 40 p. 11. Melissa Nathan. Learning Curve / Nathan Melissa. cursor Books, 2006. 549 p. 12. Robert Waller. The Bridges of Madison County / Waller Robert. Great Britain Mandarin Paperbacks, 1995. 171 p.